Open-type water spray protection systems are typically designed per NFPA 15 or similar design standards and are acceptable for protecting hazards involving; flammable or combustible materials, electrical hazards, propellants, pyrotechnics, and similar life/safety situations. Open-type deluge nozzles and systems typically maintain dry supply piping and the use of heat, smoke, or flame detection equipment to open a deluge valve that supplies water and pressure to the nozzle for operation.

这些与自动系统不同，在自动系统中，自动喷嘴使用热敏元件来维持封闭的孔口并保留供应管道系统的水/压力，直到激活为止。

洪水应用程序有三个一般类别：

Cooling

在压力下，将水喷洒到容器的外表面上，并含有挥发性材料。水使内容物保持凉爽，从而防止了物料的压力增加。它们通常用于坦克农场和任何因过热灾难性故障而发生的船只。

蒸发

Misting nozzles are used to extinguish or control fires by spraying fine droplets onto the flames, which rapidly evaporate, cool, and displace oxygen.

润湿

Water is sprayed to control the spread of a fire but not extinguish it. Wetting is commonly used in gas leak situations where the gas continues to be consumed by the flame until the gas flow is turned off. Extinguishing these types of fires before turning off the gas flow can allow a build-up of flammable gas that can lead to an explosion